Educational Objectives:
1) Describe the genesis of CPT codes and how they are valued for payment
2) Correctly document and code cytology immediate evaluation procedures
3) List new cytology CPT codes and describe how they are used
4) Identify and correct frequent coding errors in the cytology laboratory
Cytology cases must be correctly coded in order to optimize payments and avoid auditing problems. New CPT codes have been added and additional codes can be expected in the near future. Other coding policies have been recently clarified. There is ongoing confusion especially in fine needle aspiration immediate evaluation, the pairing of core biopsies and aspirates, and pathologist evaluation of Pap tests. Medically unlikely edits (MUE's) have contributed to variability in practices and failure to achieve appropriate reimbursement. This session brings together a number of experts to discuss the genesis of CPT codes and how they are valued for payment and regulated. A panel discussion and audience questions will follow.

Educational Objectives:
1) Become familiar with the kinds of mutant genes responsible for hereditary cancer
2) Understand the genetic similarities of hereditary and non-hereditary cancer
3) Distinguish between the cellular mechanisms for cancers of children and adults
4) Recognize that two major cancer genes, RB1 and TP53, can be rendered ineffective by HPV
Hereditary cancers occur in two broad groups: those with a primary defect in regulation of growth and those with an abnormality in DNA repair. The first group can be further subdivided into those, primarily in children, in which the target issue is actively growing, and those in adults that occur in renewal tissues. Different approaches to therapy and prevention might, therefore, be required. Approaches that are successful in hereditary cancer might be useful in non-heritable cancer.